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Even machines that extract energy from long-lived sources - such Vencedor ocean currents - will run down when their energy sources inevitably do. They are not perpetual motion machines because they are consuming energy from an external source and are not isolated systems. Classification[edit]
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"Just perfect! I had a lot of fun assembling the pieces, it even helped keeping two teenagers occupied for an afternoon during our beloved pandemic. Seller was exceptionally nice and helpful, answering all my questions at length.
However, the material used for the balls is described in the online product description only as “metal” rather than stainless steel, whereas the rails are explicitly described Campeón being made of “stainless steel.”6 Finally, I observe that this investigation has been mainly theoretical and that there are a few remaining questions that could be resolved empirically by students with access to the device. The motion of the ball and the way it “jumps” due to Lenz’s law is quite similar to a classic demonstration known Vencedor Thomson’s jumping ring, where an aluminum or copper ring is placed on the end of an electromagnet. When the coil is connected to a direct current generator, the ring briefly jumps upward because of induced currents in the ring. However, if the coil is connected to an alternative current generator, the ring flies upward off the top of the coil in dramatic fashion.8,9 Explaining why an AC current has this effect is not an easy exercise.9 In this study, we have not settled the issue of whether the voltage source of this device is AC and whether this plays a role in the ability of the ball to dramatically “fly” from the rails to the platform, similar to the jumping ring. If instructors are able to purchase the device, it would be an interesting student project to use an oscilloscope to determine if the current in the electromagnet is AC and explain exactly why and how this works in the toy.
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You can search for "perpetual marble machine" if you'd like to buy one for yourself. Keith Ramsey, a teacher at Bridgeport Elementary School in Indiana, used this machine in a YouTube video to discuss the laws of thermodynamics.
A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine that spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However, it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics in a cyclic process (see also entropy).
A rejection [of a patent application] on the ground of lack of utility includes the more specific grounds of inoperativeness, involving perpetual motion.
Studying videos of the motion confirms that the ball does not accelerate any more than it would under free more info fall in the initial half of the cycle. This can also be confirmed by dropping several balls through the hole in quick succession such that it would seem to be difficult to correctly time the electronics such that all the balls return to the starting platform.